December 19, 2022. Figs and wasps have a special relationship that has long been considered symbiotic. Figs produce a sweet nectar that attracts wasps and other pollinators. In return, the wasps help spread pollen from the male flowers to the female flowers, ensuring that the fig tree can reproduce. This symbiotic relationship is essential …Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes (5.6 kb), figs had sequences from 60% of 5 genes (5.5 kb), and overall 850 new DNA sequences were generated ...Jan 23, 2021 · Unusual Wasp Partnerships Help Non-Native Figs to Thrive in Hawaii. A Watkins' fig teems with newly hatched Port Jackson fig wasps. (Jared Bernard/CC BY-ND 4.0) While surveying the Hawaiian island of Kauai in search of invasive plants in 2017, botanist Kelsey Brock spotted something unusual: a few nonnative species of figs seemed to be settling ... Wasps can be a nuisance and even pose a threat to your safety, especially if they have built a nest near your home or in your garden. One of the safest ways to deal with a wasp nes...What are Fig Wasps? Fig wasps are small, winged insects that belong to the family Agaonidae. They are named after their primary habitat - fig trees. There are over 750 species of fig wasps, each with unique characteristics and behaviors. Most fig wasps range in size from 1-2 mm and have a lifespan of only a few days.The wasps reproduce by ovipositing through the styles of female flowers within the closed fig receptacles (syconia). About half of the female flowers within the syconia of monoecious figs have styles which are longer than the ovipositors of the wasp, and they will therefore produce seeds rather than wasp larvae.Figs and fig wasps. Fig is the common name given to any vine, shrub, or tree in the genus Ficus of the mulberry family, Moraceae. (The term also is used for the edible, round to oval, multiple fruit of the common fig, Ficus carica, which is of commercial importance. The fruit of many other species are edible, though not widely consumed.)Figs and fig wasps James M. Cook1 and Stuart A. West2 What are figs and fig wasps? Figs are plants in the genus Ficus, which have a unique closed inflorescence called a syconium, typically containing hundreds of flowers. We eat the ripe syconia of one species, F. carica, and call these ‘pseudofruits’ figs too. There are about 750 fig species 1. Introduction. Fig trees (Ficus spp. family Moraceae) are a large and diverse group of mainly tropical and sub-tropical trees.Their inflorescences (figs, also called syconia) are characterised by their unusual enclosed structure. Ripe mature figs are important resources for frugivorous vertebrates [], but before figs ripen, they support …An Extreme Case of Plant-Insect Codiversifkation: Figs and Fig-Pollinating Wasps Astrid Cruaud1, Nina Ronsted2-3'4*, Bhanumas Chantarasuwan5, Lien Siang Chou6, Wendy L. Clement3,7, Arnaud Couloux8, Benjamin Cousins9, Gwenaëlle Genson1, Rhett D. Harrison10, Paul E. Hanson11, MartineFoundress numbers and the timing of selective events during interactions between figs and fig wasps ...Aug 5, 2022 · During their lifespans, figs undergo what Martine Hossaert-McKey and Judith L. Bronstein describe in The American Journal of Botany (2001) as "highly specialized pollination mutualism with agaonid wasps." While many figs we now plant are self-pollinating, some figs still rely on wasps for pollination. Marius Hepp/Getty Images. Have you been eyeing those stylish and comfortable fig scrubs for a while now? Well, there’s no better time to get your hands on them than during a fig scrubs sale. With the right ...Oct 21, 2017 · As the Huffington Post points out, figs are not fruit– they’re actually inverted flowers. As such, they require a specific kind of pollination that can only come from fig wasps– wasps that have to die inside the fruit in order for the fruit to mature, since figs cannot be pollinated by wind or normal bees. Abstract. The fig and pollinator wasp obligate mutualism is diverse (∼750 described species), ecologically important, and ancient (∼80 Ma). Once thought to be an example of strict one-to-one cospeciation, current thinking suggests genera of pollinator wasps codiversify with corresponding sections of figs, but the degree to which …Nov 4, 2020 · Once inside, the pollen pollinates some of the tiny individual flowers and the wasp lays eggs in the bases of some others, where the seed should develop. The fig sacrifices some of its seed production to provide nursery beds for the wasp’s eggs and larvae to develop. As these larvae develop into adults, the wingless males, which develop first ... Aug 10, 2016 · The figs and fig wasps’ pollination system is extremely efficient compared with that of other plants, some of which just trust the wind to blow their pollen where it needs to go. And the figs ... Apr 6, 2015 ... The inside of a caprifig has flower parts that have a shape which perfectly matches the shape of a fig wasp egg. She will lay her eggs and die ...Apr 13, 2022 · Thanks to an enzyme (known as ficin) that’s present in figs, the dead wasps are simply broken down and absorbed back into the fruit. Remember, not all figs have wasps in them. Some varieties - including many grown for the supermarkets - don’t need to be pollinated by fig wasps. Instead, they’re sprayed with certain hormones to make the ... Figs are an ideal model for comparative study, with numerous co-occurring species; diverse ecologies; a variety of symbionts, including highly specific pollinating and nonpollinating wasps, bacteria (Wolbachia), nematodes, ants, and vertebrate seed dispersers; easily counted units (flowers, seeds, and wasps) for assessing reproductive …Mar 4, 2019 ... Using the obligate fig-fig wasp mutualism, our experiments showed that the proportion of figs developed to maturity increased quickly to 1.0 as ...Dec 12, 2005 · Figs (Ficus; ca 750 species) and fig wasps (Agaoninae) are obligate mutualists: all figs are pollinated by agaonines that feed exclusively on figs.This extraordinary symbiosis is the most extreme example of specialization in a plant–pollinator interaction and has fuelled much speculation about co-divergence. The fig and the wasp. Tall oaks from little acorns grow, but until recently no spreading Moreton Bay fig trees sprouted from the seedy fruit that local trees produce. Now, thanks to a tiny wasp—the tree’s indispensable pollinator—the situation has changed. Written by John Walsby and John Early Photographed by Mike Brown, Arno Gasteiger ... Oct 13, 2017 · Female fig wasps can collect a fig’s pollen and crawl out of the tunnel that their dead partners built, and fly away in search of a new fig plant to lay their own eggs. Now, if a female wasp enters a female fig, it’s bad news for her. She won’t be able to lay her eggs because of the stylus. Jan 11, 2022 · Those little insects are fig wasps, and they play an essential role in the fig's life cycle as the plant's only pollinator. That means that for pollen from one fig plant to reach another plant, fig wasps must do all the leg work. In return, the plant provides fig wasps with their only sources of food and shelter. This arrangement is called ... May 17, 2022 · Abstract. This chapter provides information on the obligate mutualism between figs ( Ficus carica) and its pollinator, the fig wasp ( Blastophaga psenes ). Some notes on the pollination biology of wild and cultivated figs are presented and details on some other fig pollinators are highlighted. An example of mutualism in the rainforest is the pollination of the Durian tree by bats. However, there are many other examples of mutualism in this type of ecosystem. Another exam...May 22, 2009 · Diameters of fig fruits ranged from 2 – 4 cm. Of the 64 study fruits, 15 had fig wasps and 32 had fig wasp parasitoids. When fruits were opened, fig wasps stayed inside and appeared to continue collecting pollen from male florets. In contrast, parasitoids quickly hopped out and away from the fig fruit. Have you been eyeing those stylish and comfortable fig scrubs for a while now? Well, there’s no better time to get your hands on them than during a fig scrubs sale. With the right ...Aug 29, 2018 · The proposed F phase. Evidence of the new F phase began to appear over the course of years of observation. "While studying the interaction between figs and fig wasps, we often found larvae of ... figs are pollinated by was. And yes, edible figs wind up with at least one dead female wasp inside. It isn’t quite the childhood myth of fruits eating insect meat. It’s part of the beneficial relationship between fig wasp and fig tree. Figs are a good source of vitamin C, which is essential for healthy skin, hair, and nails.Abstract. Fig-pollinating wasps have provided model systems for developing and testing theories of the evolution of mutualism, sex allocation, and precision of ...Dec 19, 2022 · December 19, 2022. Figs and wasps have a special relationship that has long been considered symbiotic. Figs produce a sweet nectar that attracts wasps and other pollinators. In return, the wasps help spread pollen from the male flowers to the female flowers, ensuring that the fig tree can reproduce. This symbiotic relationship is essential to ... Good morning, Quartz readers! Good morning, Quartz readers! India hosts talks with the US and Japan… The meeting, ahead of Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe’s talks with Donald Tr...Figs and fig wasps James M. Cook1 and Stuart A. West2 What are figs and fig wasps? Figs are plants in the genus Ficus, which have a unique closed inflorescence called a syconium, typically containing hundreds of flowers. We eat the ripe syconia of one species, F. carica, and call these ‘pseudofruits’ figs too. There are about 750 fig species Figs and fig wasps James M. Cook1 and Stuart A. West2 What are figs and fig wasps? Figs are plants in the genus Ficus, which have a unique closed inflorescence called a syconium, typically containing hundreds of flowers. We eat the ripe syconia of one species, F. carica, and call these ‘pseudofruits’ figs too. There are about 750 fig speciesFigs and fig wasps James M. Cook1 and Stuart A. West2 What are figs and fig wasps? Figs are plants in the genus Ficus, which have a unique closed inflorescence called a syconium, typically containing hundreds of flowers. We eat the ripe syconia of one species, F. carica, and call these ‘pseudofruits’ figs too. There are about 750 fig species Figs are defined by a unique enclosed inflorescence, the syconium, which is also the arena for interactions with fig wasps. According to the ‘one-to-one rule’, each …Figs (Ficus; ca 750 species) and fig wasps (Agaoninae) are obligate mutualists: all figs are pollinated by agaonines that feed exclusively on figs.This extraordinary symbiosis is the most extreme example of specialization in a plant–pollinator interaction and has fuelled much speculation about co-divergence.Specifically, we evaluated the fate of figs and fig wasps for figs receiving between 1 and 9 pollen-carrying fig wasps, between 1 and 9 pollen-free fig wasps, or a …As such, fig wasps both aid and inhibit fig tree reproductive success. At the same time, parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) may locate the fig synconia and oviposit through the synconium wall, parasitizing the developing fig wasp larvae. As the male fig wasps emerge from fig ovules, they copulate with the females within the fig …Fig pollinating wasps form obligate symbioses with their fig hosts. This mutualism arose approximately 75 million years ago. Unlike many other intimate symbioses, which involve vertical transmission of symbionts to host offspring, female fig wasps fly great distances to transfer horizontally between hosts. In contrast, male wasps are wingless …Aug 3, 2023 · The Fig Wasp, Blastophaga psenes, exhibits a highly specialized and mutualistic relationship with certain species of fig trees, particularly those within the Ficus genus. Fig wasps and fig trees have coevolved over millions of years, resulting in a fascinating symbiosis that ensures the successful reproduction of both species. Abstract. Figs and fig wasps form one of the best known examples of species-specific mutualism and coevolution. Recent experiments and observations have led to a better understanding of the evolutionary processes involved in the origin and maintenance of species interactions. The observed fine-tuned traits involve not only …Welcome to FigWeb. FigWeb is an online bioinformatics resource dealing with all aspects of the complex relationship that exists between figs (Ficus , Moraceae) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera), as well as the multitude of other associated organisms, from Wolbachia bacteria and nematode worms to frugivore primates.This obligate mutualism is a classic …The genus Ficus possesses several special characteristics, including an enclosed inflorescence, fig-wasp obligate mutualism, a sex determination system, and some species with a hemi-epiphytic habit. Hemi-epiphytic figs (strangler or banyan figs) are a fascinating form of plant life with seedlings that germinate and grow as epiphytes on …Jan 11, 2022 · Those little insects are fig wasps, and they play an essential role in the fig's life cycle as the plant's only pollinator. That means that for pollen from one fig plant to reach another plant, fig wasps must do all the leg work. In return, the plant provides fig wasps with their only sources of food and shelter. This arrangement is called ... Aug 27, 2014 · Around the world there are over 700 varieties of figs, but they all fall into four types: Common: Common figs (such as the Brown Turkey) do not require pollination from another tree, or from a wasp. True to their name, common figs are most common in home gardens. Common figs are 100% vegan. Foundress numbers and the timing of selective events during interactions between figs and fig wasps ...The coevolution between fig wasps and figs has become so profound that neither organism can exist without the other. Encyclopaedia Britannica/UIG/Getty Images). Most commercially grown figs are pollinated by wasps. And yes, edible figs wind up with at least one dead female wasp inside. But it's still not quite the childhood myth of fruits …But figs and their pollinators have a special relationship based on absolute fidelity or “mutualism” in which they’re totally obligated to each other. Wasps evolved to pollinate the Port Jackson fig instead emerge from the Watkin’s fig. Photo by Kelsey Brock. Viewing a fig tree’s flowers requires a microscope.Apr 13, 2022 · Thanks to an enzyme (known as ficin) that’s present in figs, the dead wasps are simply broken down and absorbed back into the fruit. Remember, not all figs have wasps in them. Some varieties - including many grown for the supermarkets - don’t need to be pollinated by fig wasps. Instead, they’re sprayed with certain hormones to make the ... Each of the species – and there are about 750 different species of figs – each of them relies on its own kinds of wasps to pollinate its flowers. Wasps do this by …The wasps lay eggs in the male figs’ internal flowers before exiting with male fig pollen on their backs. Inside the caprifig, the wasp eggs hatch, and the larvae mate with one another.Oct 13, 2017 · Female fig wasps can collect a fig’s pollen and crawl out of the tunnel that their dead partners built, and fly away in search of a new fig plant to lay their own eggs. Now, if a female wasp enters a female fig, it’s bad news for her. She won’t be able to lay her eggs because of the stylus. (1) According to those same ancestors, ..G Eisen mentioned it a few times, wasps and pollen from the Profichi figs will come up approx one month later when growing around SF bay area This pic to give an idea of the fig size by the time it's receptive and gettin a wasp visit,probably the first due to its still shining skinFigs have an obligate mutualism with tiny fig-pollinating wasps (family Agaonidae). Female wasps enter receptive syconia, where they pollinate female flowers. They also lay eggs …December 19, 2022. Figs and wasps have a special relationship that has long been considered symbiotic. Figs produce a sweet nectar that attracts wasps and other pollinators. In return, the wasps help spread pollen from the male flowers to the female flowers, ensuring that the fig tree can reproduce. This symbiotic relationship is essential …Most wasps show a high degree of host‐plant specificity and are known from only a single fig species. However, in some cases wasps may be shared across closely related fig species. 3.Pollinating fig wasps often disperse over long distances to find a tree with receptive figs (Nason et al., 1998; Ahmed et al., 2009). There can thus be much variation in the number of foundresses within and among crops on the same tree (Herre, 1989). If foundresses within individual figs collectively contain fewer eggs than there are flowers ...Each species of wasp can only pollinate its corresponding species of fig. And both fig and fig wasp are utterly reliant on one another to survive—a phenomenon called mutualism.Apr 15, 2017 ... The entry to this garden is a tiny hole through which only female fig wasps can pass. These female wasps pollinate the fig flowers and lay their ...In fact the interactions between fig wasps and between wasps and fig trees have many more subtleties and complexities than we can cover here. With more than 750 species of figs there are bound …Fig trees require host-specific agaonid fig wasps for pollination, but their figs also support numerous non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW) that gall fig tissues or develop as parasitoids. 2.The fig–fig wasp interactions are diffusively coevolved, a case in which fig wasps diversify their genotype, phenotype, or behavior as a result of competition between wasps, while figs diverge their strategies to facilitate the evolution of cooperative fig waps or lessen the detrimental behavior by associated fig wasps."If only the wasps that actually pollinate figs preferentially survive, the mutualism between figs and wasps is maintained," said Charlotte Jander, who studied many different fig species in Panama.May 22, 2009 · Diameters of fig fruits ranged from 2 – 4 cm. Of the 64 study fruits, 15 had fig wasps and 32 had fig wasp parasitoids. When fruits were opened, fig wasps stayed inside and appeared to continue collecting pollen from male florets. In contrast, parasitoids quickly hopped out and away from the fig fruit. The intimate mutualism between fig wasps and figs has long captivated biologists, and new phylogenies are now uncovering its evolutionary history. Fig-pollinating wasps evolved just once, but fig parasitism has evolved repeatedly and convergently. Figs and their pollinators appear to have co-speciated considerably, but not invariably, because the famous one-to …If you’re a skincare enthusiast, you know that exfoliating is a crucial step in any routine. And if you’re on a budget, there’s no better time to stock up on your favorite products...Aug 11, 2021 · Agaonidae, a family of small wasps pollinate all the fig trees in the world. Fig trees can be classified as tropical plants and there are many species all over the world. All figs are fertilized by wasps except the ones that are not pollinated naturally. These wasps are so tiny that you can’t see them properly and they can easily go unnoticed. Learn about the fig wasp, a tiny parasitic wasp that pollinates the fig plant and has a complex life cycle. Find out how fig wasps evolved with figs and how they are …The Queen of Trees. Ecology of the sycomore fig tree ( Ficus sycomorus) and pollinating fig wasps. Pollination ecology in tropical figs - a case of Mutualism: a 26' film. Author : Georges MICHALOUD, Cameraman: Alain DEVEZ, Produced by: Service du Film de Recherche Scientifique, (SFRS) 92170 VANV. The fig - fig wasp mutualism is analysed …If you want to serve the foods of many different restaurants in one place, you need to find out how to start a ghost kitchen to make it happen. If you buy something through our lin...Sep 25, 2020 ... In the case of figs and fig wasps, however, each needs the other to complete its life cycle. This is obligate mutualism. There are about 750 ...Aug 10, 2022 ... The female fig wasp enters the male fig ― we don't eat the male figs, by the way ― to lay its eggs. The male fig is shaped in a way to ...The fig–wasp mutualism is both ancient and diverse, originating ≈90 million years ago with >700 extant species of figs currently recognized ().Both morphological (7, 8) and recent molecular studies (5, 9–11) broadly support the proposition of cocladogenesis and coadaptation between recognized genera of pollinating wasps and their respective …The wasps are born inside the figs, and when the females hatch, they crawl out to find a new fig in which they can lay their own eggs. During this journey, they pick up pollen from the fig's male ...Fig wasps entering the fig through the fig ‘entrance’ – the ostiole (left). Female fig-wasps laying eggs within the figs (center) and later emerging from the sterile female flowers (right). And to end this blog today, let me tell you a story. It turns out that most fig species are tropical and subtropical, and thus there are not many fig ...To go further, we argue that the fig wasps represent an interesting model for studies of community ecology. Figs and fig wasps of different groups were studied in Cote d'Ivoire to quantify local ...Good morning, Quartz readers! Good morning, Quartz readers! India hosts talks with the US and Japan… The meeting, ahead of Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe’s talks with Donald Tr...The Fig Wasp Life Cycle. Figs and fig wasps have evolved together for millennia, creating one of the most remarkable interdependencies nature has to offer. Without the fig wasp, figs can’t undergo pollination, which means they can’t reproduce. And without the fig syconium, or flower pod, the wasp would have nowhere to lay its eggs.The most common type of fig that does not require wasp pollination is the Ficus carica, particularly the common fig cultivar. These figs are known as “common figs” or “edible figs” and include several popular varieties: Common Fig (Ficus carica): This is the species most widely cultivated for edible figs, and it does not require wasp ...
Pollinating fig wasps often disperse over long distances to find a tree with receptive figs (Nason et al., 1998; Ahmed et al., 2009). There can thus be much variation in the number of foundresses within and among crops on the same tree (Herre, 1989). If foundresses within individual figs collectively contain fewer eggs than there are flowers .... One more silver dollar
The ability of gall midges to prevent abortion of unpollinated figs (Jandér and Herre 2010) was estimated in 2023 on one tree.We placed mesh bags over twigs with pre-receptive figs (B phase figs; Galil and Eisikowitch 1968) to prevent pollinator foundresses from entering figs.The tree was re-visited after 16 days when pollinator wasps were …Aug 5, 2022 · During their lifespans, figs undergo what Martine Hossaert-McKey and Judith L. Bronstein describe in The American Journal of Botany (2001) as "highly specialized pollination mutualism with agaonid wasps." While many figs we now plant are self-pollinating, some figs still rely on wasps for pollination. Marius Hepp/Getty Images. The proposed F phase. Evidence of the new F phase began to appear over the course of years of observation. "While studying the interaction between figs and fig wasps, we often found larvae of ...Specifically, we evaluated the fate of figs and fig wasps for figs receiving between 1 and 9 pollen-carrying fig wasps, between 1 and 9 pollen-free fig wasps, or a …December 19, 2022. Figs and wasps have a special relationship that has long been considered symbiotic. Figs produce a sweet nectar that attracts wasps and other pollinators. In return, the wasps help spread pollen from the male flowers to the female flowers, ensuring that the fig tree can reproduce. This symbiotic relationship is essential …The genus Ficus (figs) and their agaonid pollinating fig wasps are a classic example of coevolution. It represents perhaps the most extreme and ancient (about 75 million years) obligate ...Apr 15, 2017 ... The entry to this garden is a tiny hole through which only female fig wasps can pass. These female wasps pollinate the fig flowers and lay their ...Figs provide fig wasps with a protected environment in which to lay their eggs that will then develop inside the fig, while fig wasps ensure the pollination of fig flowers, enabling the tree to produce fig fruits. This close interaction is an unusual example of what is called an 'obligate mutualism' between plants and gall-inducing insects2. Aug 25, 2016 · What’s Lurking Inside Figs? By Anna Rothschild. Posted 08.25.16. NOVA. Figs are delicious—but they may contain the bodies of dead wasps. Learn more in this episode of Gross Science. Female fig wasps enter male figs to lay eggs in the ovaries and then die. Some weeks later, the mature wasp offspring emerge and mate within the fig; the female wasps then exit their natal fig, ...Wasps can be a nuisance when they invade your home, especially if you have young children or family members who are allergic to their stings. Before we delve into the non-toxic alt....
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Armie hammer documentary | Be it virtual, in-person or some mix of the two, CES is a beast. How could you keep up with all of the news flooding out of the show? You can’t, really. The big outlets each put a ...Figs are defined by a unique enclosed inflorescence, the syconium, which is also the arena for interactions with fig wasps. According to the ‘one-to-one rule’, each fig has its own …...
Sites to download movies free | By Holly McGurgan. i. Figs and fig wasps have a special relationship that is essential to their mutual survival. The fig provides a home for the wasp and the wasp provides the pollen that the fruit needs to ripen. The insect's life cycle begins when a tiny female wasp enters a fig and begins laying eggs inside it.Aug 22, 2016 · Figs aren't exactly fruits...but that's not the only bizarre thing about them. Discover the gross world of figs!Subscribe to Gross Science! http://bit.ly/1Fk... ...
B rad | Abstract. Figs and fig wasps form one of the best known examples of species-specific mutualism and coevolution. Recent experiments and observations have led to a better understanding of the evolutionary processes involved in the origin and maintenance of species interactions. The observed fine-tuned traits involve not only coevolution but also ...Wild fig's pollination cycle. When a wild fig is ready to be pollinated, it emits a scent alluring only to the fig’s partner wasps. A female wasp, reaching one of these figs, tunnels her way through a needle-sized opening at the fig’s base. Each time a wasp does this, she commits the ultimate sacrifice.The genus Ficus possesses several special characteristics, including an enclosed inflorescence, fig-wasp obligate mutualism, a sex determination system, and some species with a hemi-epiphytic habit. Hemi-epiphytic figs (strangler or banyan figs) are a fascinating form of plant life with seedlings that germinate and grow as epiphytes on …...
Here i am lord lyrics | Specifically, we evaluated the fate of figs and fig wasps for figs receiving between 1 and 9 pollen-carrying fig wasps, between 1 and 9 pollen-free fig wasps, or a ratio between0:9 to 9:0 pollen ...309 Figs from female trees do not have a D-phase as there is no fig wasps develop inside the 310 figs. Phases follow the terminology of Galil & Eisikowich [38]. 311The communities present a modular web structure in which modules were represented by each host and its associated insect species. These results indicate that ......
Cherry bomb tyler the creator | Therefore, the evolutionary history of figs and wasps has likely been characterized by frequent host-switches among the pollinators. "These pollinator host-switches and fig hybridization events ...The easy solution is to pack the fig full of large, pollen-producing flowers. In these figs, the wasps have no choice but to brush against the flowers, which cover the wasps with pollen as they pass. It’s messy, but it works. The wasp brings pollen to the fig so the tree won’t drop it. In other fig species, the female wasps carefully gather ......
How to draw a gun | Fig scrubs are a popular choice for healthcare professionals, thanks to their comfortable and durable fabric. However, like any other item of clothing, they can be quite expensive....FigWeb is an online bioinformatics resource dealing with all aspects of the complex relationship that exists between figs ( Ficus , Moraceae) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera), as well as the multitude of other associated organisms, from Wolbachia bacteria and nematode worms to frugivore primates. This obligate mutualism is a classic example of co ... Here, we sampled nearly 200 interacting pairs of fig and wasp species from across the globe. Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes ......