Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 English One Two Three Four Five Six …In today’s globalized world, communication barriers can often hinder our ability to connect with people from different cultures and backgrounds. However, thanks to advancements in ...Download Table | Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers in Different Languages from publication: Acalculia and Dyscalculia | Even though it is generally recognized ...The world's most widely spoken languages by number of native speakers and as a second language, ... Nine different languages are used in this clip to explain the current crisis, including Irish ...This article is a list of language families. ... Number of Languages French Sign: Europe, the Americas, Francophone Africa, parts of Asia: Over 50 ... Comparative Swadesh list tables of various language families (from Wiktionary) This page was last edited on …For example French call it “un”, German do “eins”, Chinese do “yi” and so on. In the world numerous languages are existed, and also there are a various way to ...Does that blow your mind a little too much? Well there are all sorts of weird things that languages can do with number words. Here are 12 of them. 1. Oksapmin, …Dual ( abbreviated DU) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural. When a noun or pronoun appears in dual form, it is interpreted as referring to precisely two of the entities (objects or persons) identified by the noun or pronoun acting as a single unit or in unison. Verbs can also have dual agreement ...List of languages Language Language family Phonemes Notes Ref Total Consonants Vowels, tones and stress Arabic: Afroasiatic: 34 + (2) 28 6 + (2) Number of phonemes in Modern Standard Arabic.The two long vowels /eː/ and /oː/ are phonemic in most Mashriqi dialects. 'Āre'āreThis results in a much smaller number of different languages. Conversely, this means that in small and fertile countries, more independent peoples with less economic dependence are formed. Only 1,000 years ago, the number of languages worldwide was about 9,000. In Different Languages, or IDL, is an online tool that shows you how to say words and phrases in more than 100 different languages. Here you will find tens of thousands of words and expressions along with their translations into …Are Numbers Universal Across All Languages? The Universal Language – Numbers and Meaning. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2022, from …Did you know that there are different ways to count, depending on your language? 🤯 Wait, there are different methods of counting? That’s right, it’s not quite as …See full list on omniglot.com This is a list of the number of languages by country and dependency according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue (2019). Papua New Guinea has the largest number of languages in the world. List. Rank Country or territory Number of living languages Number of speakers Established Immigrant Total Percent ...Here are a few examples to help you better understand the process of counting to 100 in Japanese: 11 is 十一 ( juuichi) or 10 ( juu) + 1 ( ichi ); following the exact same rule, 12 is 十二 ( juuni) or 10 ( juu) + 2 ( ni ). Once you change the prefix, the rule remains the same.In the Austronesian language of Takuu, different number words are used to count humans (4 = takahaa ), fish (4 = haa ), canoes (4 = tauvakahaa ), length of rope or wood (4 = lohahaaa ), money (4 = ha) and coconuts or stones (4 = ruaoa) [ 20 ]. In fact, the system is even more complex, because money terms are counted in units of 10 cents, …Nov 18, 2011 ... Here;s and example of numbers: I just wrote 1 - 10 on a word ocuments and copied them and pasted them here and they are okay?The quinary system, or base 5 counting, uses the fingers of one hand; the decimal system (base 10) uses both hands; the vigesimal system (base 20) uses both fingers and toes. Of course, other bases have been devised and used by different cultures, embodied in their language now extinct or still alive. I invite you to a journey through some ... In the world of web development, HTML is a foundational programming language that forms the backbone of every website. However, there are other web programming languages out there ...We compare some of the most popular languages in the world, what are the odds and probability of speaking certain language, which language has the most alpha...Advertisement Since craps is a game of chance, you need to understand why you have a greater or lesser chance of rolling different numbers. Because you're rolling two dice, your ch...It’s estimated that up to 7,000 different languages are spoken around the world. 90% of these languages are used by less than 100,000 people. Over a million people converse in 150-200 languages ... Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians; both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to …May 25, 2023 ... ... language.*. According to a growing body of research, the words that different languages use for numbers can affect how easily we learn to ...A selection of Bible translations in contemporary English. The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. As of September 2023 all of the Bible has been translated into 736 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,658 languages, and smaller portions …Even double factorial number system {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ...} Odd double factorial number system {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, ...} Primorial number system {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ...} …South Africa has 11 official languages, and a multilingual population. ... In South Africa, multilingualism – a complex undertaking, especially in languages from very different families – is a common achievement of the poor. Code-switching ... The largest number of English speakers are in Gauteng – 1.6-million people, or a ...Jun 29, 2022 · While the number of living languages currently stands at more than seven thousand, the 2014 figures also include 915 languages that are dying. During the second millennium B.C., the number of extinct languages was only seven. Along with each millennium, the number of dead languages is a question of balance. Using locales and libraries, frameworks, and programming languages to format numbers. Localization frameworks and libraries can help you display numbers in the correct format for the user’s locale. Both .NET and ICU provide locale-aware number formatting with defaults for various styles, including currencies, exponents (scientific …May 25, 2023 · Chinese children were about a year ahead of American children in their capacity to count to higher numbers. In Chinese, the number words lack these irregularities. Once you know the words for one ... Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French) Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language ): Algeria (with Berber) Alphabets. Alphabets, or phonemic alphabets, are sets of letters, usually arranged in a fixed order, each of which represents one or more phonemes, both consonants and vowels, in the language they are used to write. In some case combinations of letters are used to represent single phonemes, as in the English sh, ch and th.A binary clock might use LEDs to express binary values. In this clock, each column of LEDs shows a binary-coded decimal numeral of the traditional sexagesimal time.. The common names are derived somewhat arbitrarily from a mix of Latin and Greek, in some cases including roots from both languages within a single name. There have been some …The surviving thousands of the world's ethnic groups use a variety of different numeral systems: duodecimal systems, decimal systems, senary systems, quinary systems, …Nov 29, 2023 · How to Count Successfully in Different Languages Multiple Languages. Polynumial: This app lays down the counting specifics extremely well. Translate numbers and learn to count in over 50 languages with this one resource! Marijin: An extensive chart which teaches to count from one to 100 in 20+ languages. A language menu on the left side of the ... Field notes: In a modified syllabary, the different syllables that begin with one consonant all have a graphic element in common. ... These languages have vowel ...Polynesian languages have four distinctions in pronouns and possessives: first exclusive, first inclusive, second and third. For example, in Māori, the plural pronouns are: mātou (we, exc), tātou (we, inc), koutou (you), rātou (they). The difference between exclusive and inclusive is the treatment of the person addressed.May 25, 2023 · Chinese children were about a year ahead of American children in their capacity to count to higher numbers. In Chinese, the number words lack these irregularities. Once you know the words for one ... This is a list of the number of languages by country and dependency according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue (2019). Papua New Guinea has the largest number of languages in the world. List. Rank Country or territory Number of living languages Number of speakers Established Immigrant Total Percent ...A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On this page a national language is followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status.) Some countries have more than one language with this ...Jul 30, 2020 ... ... numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, …), we use very different words for these numbers simply because we speak different languages. In this article, we will ...Most languages have between two and 11 basic color words. English, for example, has the full set of 11 basic colors: black, white, red, green, yellow, blue, pink, gray, brown, orange and purple ...different chapters, and how th ey will contribute to our topic of numbers, language, and the . human mind. ... different kinds of number word constructions that refer to numerical concepts: cardinal.There are a number of subdivisions of each type, and there are different classifications of writing systems in different sources. Abjads / Consonant Alphabets. Alphabets. Abugidas / Syllabic Alphabets. Syllabaries. Semanto-phonetic writing systems. Undeciphered writing systems. Other writing and communication systems. Constructed scripts.The map below displays the second most commonly spoken language in each London borough. The map, based on data from the 2011 Census, shows that Polish and Turkish are the second language of the highest number of London boroughs. Some less common languages, such as Lithuanian, French, and Nepalese, are commonly …The Indigenous languages of the Americas had widely varying demographics, from the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guarani, and Nahuatl, which had millions of active speakers, to many languages with only several hundred speakers. After pre-Columbian times, several Indigenous creole languages developed in the Americas, based on …Three in Different Languages: Please find below many ways to say three in different languages. This page features translation of the word "three" to over 100 other languages. We also invite you to listen to audio pronunciation in more than 40 languages, so you could learn how to pronounce three and how to read it. More than 700 living languages are spoken in Indonesia. This figure indicates that Indonesia has about 10% of the world's languages, establishing its reputation as the second most linguistically diverse nation in the world after Papua New Guinea. Most languages belong to the Austronesian language family, while there are over 270 Papuan …The Bible is one of the most widely read and studied books in human history. It has been translated into numerous languages and has undergone various revisions and interpretations ...Details of how to count in a variety of languages, with recordings for some of them. Alphabetical index | Index by language family Index of numbers pages by language family Numerals in various writing systems. Note. The numerals referred to here as 'Arabic' and 'Urdu' are those used when writing those languages. The Urdu numerals are also known as 'East ... Additional numerals. Letters used as numerals. Links. Number Systems of …Numbers in Different Languages. The following is a list of names of the numbers from 1 to 10 in several different languages. You might notice that there are significant similarities between all of the Indo-European languages . See also numbers from 11 to 20 in different languages . Out of the above languages, only Finnish, Basque, Swahili, and ...By Rick Noack. and. Lazaro Gamio. April 23, 2015 at 5:00 a.m. EDT. These seven maps and charts, visualized by The Washington Post, will help you understand how diverse other parts of the world are ...Bihar and Madhya Pradesh each have 33 stations under the scheme. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the redevelopment of 553 railway stations as part …This type of numeral systems are called “Hindu-Arabic”, originated from India in the 6 th -7 th century. Each note represents a value in a place. Its advantage is …In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9, …Are Numbers Universal Across All Languages? The Universal Language – Numbers and Meaning. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12, 2022, from …Some languages have multiple counting systems that coexist side by side, depending on what is being counted. In the Austronesian language of Takuu, different number words are used to count humans (4 = takahaa), fish (4 = haa), canoes (4 = tauvakahaa), length of rope or wood (4 = lohahaaa), money (4 = ha) and coconuts or …Oct 1, 2022 ... How to say numbers from 1 - 10 in English, Indonesian, Spanish, Arabic, Japanese, German and Korean.Aug 13, 2008 · Last Edited April 20, 2022. There are around 70 distinct Indigenous languages in Canada, falling into 12 separate language families. While in many places there has been decreased transmission of languages from one generation to the next, recognition of this has led to efforts by Indigenous peoples to revitalize and sustain their languages. They developed 3 sets of different graphical notations to represent numbers ... Numbers in some synthetic languages... Esperanto, Volapük, Interlingua. 1. 2. 3. 4.In today’s interconnected world, language learning and cultural exchange have become more important than ever. With the rise of technology, there are now countless resources availa...This is a list of languages by total number of speakers. It is difficult to define what constitutes a language as opposed to a dialect . For example, Chinese and Arabic are sometimes considered single languages, but each includes several mutually unintelligible varieties , and so they are sometimes considered language families instead. Multilingualism is enshrined in the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights: EU nationals have the right to use any of the 24 official languages to communicate with the EU institutions, and the institutions must reply in the same language. Legal acts and their summaries are available in all official EU languages. Meetings of the European Council ...3. 980 million. Note: Mandarin Chinese is the most widely spoken language in the world if you count only native speakers (L1*). Varieties of Chinese are Mandarin or Putonghua (the official language in mainland China), Jin, Wu, Hui, Gan, Xiang (Hunanese), Min (Hokkien), Hakka, Yue (Cantonese) and Ping. The quinary system, or base 5 counting, uses the fingers of one hand; the decimal system (base 10) uses both hands; the vigesimal system (base 20) uses both fingers and toes. Of course, other bases have been devised and used by different cultures, embodied in their language now extinct or still alive. I invite you to a journey through some ... Arslan Hussain. November 5, 2022. Translation. Two in Different Languages: In mathematics, two is the number after one (one) and before three (three). The Roman …In today’s interconnected world, the ability to communicate effectively across languages is more important than ever. Whether you’re a business expanding into new global markets or...Bihar and Madhya Pradesh each have 33 stations under the scheme. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the redevelopment of 553 railway stations as part …Jun 29, 2022 · While the number of living languages currently stands at more than seven thousand, the 2014 figures also include 915 languages that are dying. During the second millennium B.C., the number of extinct languages was only seven. Along with each millennium, the number of dead languages is a question of balance. Base 10 Numbers. The basic principle behind a numbering system is a base: units are counted individually until they reach the ‘base’ number. Numbers larger than the base numeral are then expressed using multiples of the base. The most prevalent system in use today, which English numbers are derived from, is the base 10 or decimal …For a list of languages that counts only the number of native speakers, see languages by number of native speakers. English (1,456,448,320) Mandarin Chinese (1,138,222,350) ... The Arabic varieties (and, likewise, the different varieties of Chinese and Malay) that by themselves make the top 25 ranking are therefore distinguished in this list.South Africa has 11 official languages, and a multilingual population. ... In South Africa, multilingualism – a complex undertaking, especially in languages from very different families – is a common achievement of the poor. Code-switching ... The largest number of English speakers are in Gauteng – 1.6-million people, or a ...In today’s globalized world, being able to communicate with people from different countries and cultures is becoming increasingly important. When it comes to translation apps, Goog...Oct 8, 2020 · The relative complexity of English is not so much down to the actual formation of the numbers – like most Asian languages it uses a strictly base-10 system (numbers are in groups of 10). English makes things a little harder by adjusting the factor of ten from the original number, and having slightly irregular words (one/eleven/ten, two/twelve ... India has a Greenberg's diversity index of 0.914—i.e. two people selected at random from the country will have different native languages in 91.4% of cases. [11] As per the 2011 Census of India, languages by highest number of speakers are as follows: Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Urdu, Kannada, Odia, Malayalam.Jan 4, 2023 · In the future, there may be many more than 7,151 languages spoken globally, and it is also possible that there could be significantly fewer. Even if a time comes when only one language is spoken, thanks to the dynamic nature of humankind, a new dialect will always be around the corner. Cory Price January 4 2023 in Society. A selection of Bible translations in contemporary English. The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. As of September 2023 all of the Bible has been translated into 736 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,658 languages, and smaller portions …By Rick Noack. and. Lazaro Gamio. April 23, 2015 at 5:00 a.m. EDT. These seven maps and charts, visualized by The Washington Post, will help you understand how diverse other parts of the world are ...List of languages Language Language family Phonemes Notes Ref Total Consonants Vowels, tones and stress Arabic: Afroasiatic: 34 + (2) 28 6 + (2) Number of phonemes in Modern Standard Arabic.The two long vowels /eː/ and /oː/ are phonemic in most Mashriqi dialects. 'Āre'āreReported resources will be reviewed by our team. Report this resource to let us know if this resource violates TPT's content guidelines.Numeral (linguistics) In linguistics, a numeral in the broadest sense is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity. Some theories of grammar use the word "numeral" to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner that specify the quantity of a noun, for example the "two" in "two hats". Some theories of grammar do not include ... Numbers in Different Languages. The following is a list of names of the numbers from 1 to 10 in several different languages. You might notice that there are significant similarities between all of the Indo-European languages . See also numbers from 11 to 20 in different languages . Out of the above languages, only Finnish, Basque, Swahili, and ...They developed 3 sets of different graphical notations to represent numbers ... Numbers in some synthetic languages... Esperanto, Volapük, Interlingua. 1. 2. 3. 4.Around a quarter of the world’s languages have fewer than a thousand remaining speakers, and linguists generally agree in estimating that the extinction within the next century of at least 3,000 of the 6,909 languages listed by Ethnologue, or nearly half, is virtually guaranteed under present circumstances. Did you know that there are different ways to count, depending on your language? 🤯 Wait, there are different methods of counting? That’s right, it’s not quite as …Aug 13, 2008 · Last Edited April 20, 2022. There are around 70 distinct Indigenous languages in Canada, falling into 12 separate language families. While in many places there has been decreased transmission of languages from one generation to the next, recognition of this has led to efforts by Indigenous peoples to revitalize and sustain their languages. Jun 21, 2022 · The strong development in research on grammatical number in recent years has created a need for a unified perspective. The different frameworks, the ramifications of the theoretical questions, and the diversity of phenomena across typological systems, make this a significant challenge. This book addresses the challenge with a series of in-depth analyses of number across a typologically diverse ... The Main Types of Coding Languages. C++ and Python are in-demand programming languages in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. There are many types of coding languages. This is because the base language that computers speak, which is just ones and zeros, is far too difficult to use alone.
In many languages, there is also a dual number (used for indicating two objects). Some other grammatical numbers present in various languages include trial (for three objects) and paucal (for an imprecise but small number of objects). In languages with dual, trial, or paucal numbers, plural refers to numbers higher than those.. Jaden smith jada pinkett
List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language Number of languages by country Languages used on the Internet List of ISO …Nov 29, 2023 · How to Count Successfully in Different Languages Multiple Languages. Polynumial: This app lays down the counting specifics extremely well. Translate numbers and learn to count in over 50 languages with this one resource! Marijin: An extensive chart which teaches to count from one to 100 in 20+ languages. A language menu on the left side of the ... According to the World Atlas of Languages’ methodology, there are 8324 languages, spoken or signed, documented by the governments, public institutions and academic …This type of numeral systems are called “Hindu-Arabic”, originated from India in the 6 th -7 th century. Each note represents a value in a place. Its advantage is …Many words of different parts of speech indicate number or quantity. Such words are called quantifiers. Examples are words such as every, most, ... In languages other than …Some people even pay extra to have the number 666 included in their license plate or phone number. In many Christian countries, however, 666 is the number of the beast in the Book of Revelation – quite the opposite connotation. This is just a glimpse of some of the strong associations attached to numbers across different cultures.In today’s interconnected world, being able to communicate effectively across different languages is more important than ever. With over 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, language ...Nov 29, 2023 · How to Count Successfully in Different Languages Multiple Languages. Polynumial: This app lays down the counting specifics extremely well. Translate numbers and learn to count in over 50 languages with this one resource! Marijin: An extensive chart which teaches to count from one to 100 in 20+ languages. A language menu on the left side of the ... A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On this page a national language is followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status.) Some countries have more than one language with this ...Ruby is a general-purpose, high-level, and open-source programming language that is easy to learn. Why Ruby Is Important: Ruby is popular for web development, 3D modeling, and data processing. Developers value its security, free cost, and fast processing speed. Where Ruby Is Used: Grubhub, Policygenius, MassMutual.With 32 and 64-bit computers these days, hex (base-16) is preferred: each hex digit represents 4-bits, so a 64-bit value is 16 hex digits instead of 64 binary digits. Octal (base-8) used to be used on some computers. The Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-8, for example, was a 12-bit computer.A binary clock might use LEDs to express binary values. In this clock, each column of LEDs shows a binary-coded decimal numeral of the traditional sexagesimal time.. The common names are derived somewhat arbitrarily from a mix of Latin and Greek, in some cases including roots from both languages within a single name. There have been some …Bihar and Madhya Pradesh each have 33 stations under the scheme. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the redevelopment of 553 railway stations as part …India has a Greenberg's diversity index of 0.914—i.e. two people selected at random from the country will have different native languages in 91.4% of cases. [11] As per the 2011 Census of India, languages by highest number of speakers are as follows: Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Urdu, Kannada, Odia, Malayalam.In today’s globalized world, effective communication is more vital than ever. However, language barriers often hinder clear understanding and meaningful interaction between individ....
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Republican debate highlights | May 29, 2015 · Browse the full list. Out on a sunny Berlin balcony, Tim Keeley and Daniel Krasa are firing words like bullets at each other. First German, then Hindi, Nepali, Polish, Croatian, Mandarin and Thai ... Most spoken languages, Ethnologue, 2023 Language Family Branch First-language (L1) speakers Second-language (L2) speakers Total speakers (L1+L2) English (excl. creole …The surviving thousands of the world's ethnic groups use a variety of different numeral systems: duodecimal systems, decimal systems, senary systems, quinary systems, …...
Hagrid's motorbike | Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 English One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten ... In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). [1] English and other languages present number categories of singular or plural, both of which are cited by using the hash sign (#) or by the numero signs "No." and "Nos ......
I want to know what love is lyrics | 12 popular songs in different languages known around the world - Lingoda. How it works. Languages. Language Sprint™. Corporate. English . Sometimes a song is so good, it doesn’t matter if we understand it. Here’s our list of …The quinary system, or base 5 counting, uses the fingers of one hand; the decimal system (base 10) uses both hands; the vigesimal system (base 20) uses both fingers and toes. Of course, other bases have been devised and used by different cultures, embodied in their language now extinct or still alive. I invite you to a journey through some ... Fun online arithmetic-style game for learning numbers in many languages. These links take you to the introduction page with the word list. Learn the word and then start the game by choosing the speed option for the game. Intermediate speed would suit most language learners. Beat the clock game that makes learning fun for kids. ...
Surface area for rectangle prism | May 29, 2015 · Browse the full list. Out on a sunny Berlin balcony, Tim Keeley and Daniel Krasa are firing words like bullets at each other. First German, then Hindi, Nepali, Polish, Croatian, Mandarin and Thai ... This makes things tricky for native English speakers and native Korean language speakers alike to translate higher numbers quickly between the two different languages. But equipped with the right 80/20 knowledge, you can do it easily! “Hundred thousand” in Korean “Hundred thousand” in Korean is expressed as 십만 (simman)....
Tek it lyrics | Pakistan is a multilingual country with over 70 languages spoken as first languages. The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.. Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for …Apr 25, 2017 ... Numbers do not exist in all cultures. There are numberless hunter-gatherers embedded deep in Amazonia, living along branches of the world's ......
Ride lana del rey lyrics | Jun 12, 2017 · Some people even pay extra to have the number 666 included in their license plate or phone number. In many Christian countries, however, 666 is the number of the beast in the Book of Revelation – quite the opposite connotation. This is just a glimpse of some of the strong associations attached to numbers across different cultures. How to count from 0 to 100 in 20+ different languages - Counting and numbers. On these pages you can view the counting words from 0 to 100 for a number of languages. Select the language you want to see the numbers for from the list below.Alphabetical index | Language family index | Numerals in various writing systems. If any of the numbers are links, you can hear a recording by clicking on them. If you can provide recordings, please contact me....