Apr 26, 2023 · HomePay also monitors your staff’s PTO accruals, including reimbursements. Similar to your online HomePay account, your employees can access all payroll information, like pay stubs and other payroll data, via a self-service portal. HomePay’s partnership with Care.com allows you to access online recruiting tools. Paid sick leave. Household employers in California are required to provide one hour of paid sick time for every 30 hours worked, up to 80 hours each year to their employees. HomePay will track sick time accruals on your account. West Hollywood employers must provide up to 96 hours of sick leave per year.HomePay℠ List your business ... Care.com provides information and tools to help care seekers and care providers connect and make informed decisions. However, each individual is solely responsible for selecting an appropriate care provider or care seeker for themselves or their families and for complying with all applicable laws in connection with …Household employers in North Carolina are not required to carry a workers’ compensation insurance policy, but we recommend doing so. These policies pay for medical expenses and lost wages if an employee has a work-related injury or illness. Obtain an instant quote and purchase a policy online, or contact our partner, Clarke White, at 804 …1. Health insurance. You aren’t required to provide health insurance for your nanny, but many families contribute funds to their nanny’s plan, in line with what most businesses and employers do. You can enroll your nanny in a plan via an Individual Coverage Health Reimbursement Arrangement ( ICHRA ), a Qualified Small Employer …Care.com: Find Child Care, Babysitters, Senior Care, Pet Care and ...Price range: $75 per month billed quarterly Key features: Payroll, tax, and …The Care.com HomePay 2021 Branding Survey Sweepstakes (the “Sweepstakes”) is only open to legal residents of the fifty (50) United States and the District of Columbia who are eighteen (18) years of age or older at the time of entry. Employees of Care.com, Inc. and members of their immediate families (parents, children, siblings, and their ...Having a beautiful lawn and yard can be a great source of pride. But if you’re new to lawn and yard care, it can be difficult to know where to start. This guide will provide you wi...Jan 26, 2024 · Taxes withheld from the employee: Social Security & Medicare taxes (FICA), as well as federal and state income taxes. Taxes paid by the employer: Social Security & Medicare taxes, as well as federal and state unemployment insurance. For the 2024 tax year, nanny taxes come into play when a family pays any household employee $2,700 or more in a ... Jan 5, 2024 · Household employers in Illinois are required to carry a workers’ compensation insurance policy if any number of household employees work a total of 40 or more hours per week for 13 or more weeks during the year. These policies pay for medical expenses and lost wages if an employee has a work-related injury or illness. per month. Select and Continue. Prepare, file & remit your household taxes. Standard payroll management with direct deposit options. Employee onboarding. FAQ. See how it works. Call us for a free consultation (888) 273-3356.Unemployment insurance is a government program designed to provide financial assistance to employees who have been “let go” from their job due to no fault of their own. It is funded through payroll taxes imposed on employers if their employees earn $1,000 or more in a calendar quarter. Note: The threshold is lower in California ($750 ...Employees & Authorized Representatives. To enable access, please establish your Username and Password, Click here . The nanny tax professionals of HomePay provide easy and affordable payroll services for families with household employees. Contact Breedlove to speak to a tax expert today. At HomePay, many generous families kept their household worker on payroll during the shutdown, but not everyone can do that. The household employment industry continues to push for federal, state and local legislation that will protect workers, help families and professionalize the industry. ... Care.com® HomePay℠ is a service …Username: Remember me Forgot username? OR Login with Care.com Employees & Authorized Representatives To enable access, please establish your Username and Password, Click here . The nanny tax professionals of HomePay provide easy and affordable payroll services for families with household employees. Contact Breedlove to speak to a tax expert today. That means up to $5,000 can be used for care-related needs without having to account for Social Security, Medicare or income taxes. The savings a family will ultimately see varies depending on what their marginal tax rate is. A good approximation is around $2,000 in tax savings, but that will vary depending on your marginal tax rate.CA, CO, HI, MA, MO, MT and NV – At the time of the termination. CT and DC – The following business day. ID – Your caregiver can make a written request to be paid within 48 hours of a termination. AZ – Next scheduled payday or within seven working days. MN – Next scheduled payday or within 24 hours of a request for final pay.HomePay was created when the decades-old payroll service designed for household employees, Breedlove & Associates, sold their business to Care.com. Breedlove & Associates was founded in 1992 so they’ve had decades to perfect this process. The goal of HomePay is to help you handle the payroll obligations of your household employees.Price range: $75 per month billed quarterly Key features: Payroll, tax, and …Necklaces are a popular accessory that can add a touch of elegance and style to any outfit. Whether you own a simple chain necklace or a statement piece with gemstones, it is impor...With aging, there may come a time when you need to explore the costs of in-home care. Many seniors want to stay at home for as long as possible. When assistance is needed, the solu...Jan 16, 2024 · Wage notice. Household employers in Pennsylvania are required to provide their employees with a written wage notice at the time of hire. The notice must include the employer’s address and the employee’s hourly rate of pay. Families in Pittsburgh should provide their employee with this notice instead. When it comes to lawn care, one of the most important aspects is understanding how to treat and prevent lawn disease. While there are a variety of diseases that can affect your law...Oct 19, 2017 ... By Tom Breedlove, Director of Care.com HomePay. The Affordable Care Act has fundamentally changed the way most Americans obtain and pay for ...The form will ask you for the total amount of federal income taxes you withheld from your employee, the wages you paid them and the state unemployment insurance taxes you paid. You’ll use these three pieces of information to do several different calculations as you complete the 2024 Schedule H form. Read more about the payroll …Reimbursement does not include fees for non-sufficient funds, credit card processing fees and payroll reversal fees. This Happiness Guarantee is valid for clients who pay HomePay directly for quarterly or monthly service fees. It is not valid for corporate clients including Care@Work and senior care agency clients. On March 18, 2020, the President signed the Families First Act to help employers and their employees deal with the personal and financial strain associated with COVID-19. The law took effect April 1, 2020 and does cover household employers. However, under the recently signed Continuing Appropriations Act 2021, employers are no longer …Feb 25, 2014 · Service FAQs. Erik Johnson Published on: February 25, 2014. At Care.com ® HomePay, provided by Breedlove, we take great pride in handling all of the tax and HR obligations surrounding household payroll, which eliminates work, worry and risk for busy families. Unlike typical payroll services, HomePay is focused on household employment alone ... Household employers in North Carolina are not required to carry a workers’ compensation insurance policy, but we recommend doing so. These policies pay for medical expenses and lost wages if an employee has a work-related injury or illness. Obtain an instant quote and purchase a policy online, or contact our partner, Clarke White, at 804 …Care HomePay can help take all the work and worry out of being a household employer by handling all aspects of nanny taxes for you. Step 4: Gather the necessary documents. To set up payroll and be prepared for regular tax filing, you’ll need to pull together certain information about you and your nanny. For you, this includes: Your …Connecticut law requires household employers to provide an employment contract and wage notice to their employee at the time of hire. The contract must include: The employee’s hourly rate of pay. The employee’s regular hours of employment. That paydays will occur weekly. Details regarding sick leave, vacation pay and any health …per month. Select and Continue. Prepare, file & remit your household taxes. Standard payroll management with direct deposit options. Employee onboarding. FAQ. See how it works. Call us for a free consultation (888) 273-3356.Jun 9, 2023 · 2. What are my tax obligations as a household employer? The IRS says you’re required to withhold and pay certain taxes if your employee earns $2,600 or more from you throughout the year. The taxes you’re required to pay are: Social Security taxes. Medicare taxes. Federal and state unemployment insurance taxes. Household employers in Texas are not required to carry a workers’ compensation insurance policy, however we recommend doing so. These policies pay for medical expenses and lost wages if an employee has a work-related injury or illness. Obtain an instant quote and purchase a policy online, or contact our partner, Clarke White, at …Jan 21, 2021 ... See what employees say it's like to work at HomePay. Salaries, reviews, and more - all posted by employees working at HomePay ... I truly care ...HomePay by Care.com, Austin, Texas. 4,030 likes · 72 talking about this · 18 were here. Helping busy families manage the tax, legal and HR aspects of being a household employer - without wo HomePay by Care.com | Austin TXThe symbol for “in care of” is “c/o.” It is used when mailing a letter or package to someone at the address of another person. It is also sometimes used to send the mail to someone...Jun 9, 2023 · Other employer-related costs to consider with hiring a caregiver on your own. When considering private employment, families need to take into account the cost of taxes, workers’ compensation insurance, using a tax and payroll service like HomePay, and the potential savings from various tax breaks. We’re happy to help you with a free ... Oct 12, 2023 · Desiree Leung Updated on: October 12, 2023 By using HomePay for your household employment needs, you’re offloading the tax, payroll and compliance responsibilities for your nanny or caregiver to us. Nov 30, 2022 · New York – Written notice is required informing your employee of their termination date, as well as their date of cancellation of employee benefits. North Carolina – No notice required. North Dakota – Written notice is only required if it’s in your employment contract. Ohio – No notice required. Oklahoma – No notice required. Paid family and medical leave. Household employees in Washington are eligible for 12 weeks of paid leave per year beginning in 2020. This is a state-run insurance program funded by payroll taxes withheld from the employee. Employees can use their leave to: Care and bond after the birth of a child or the placement of a child under the age of 18.Desiree Leung Published on: January 5, 2024. Federal law outlines the majority of household employment tax, labor law and payroll requirements. However, there are some unique laws in nearly every state. We’re on top of everything for the 2024 tax year, so click your state below for answers to any questions you may have. Alabama. …There are employment attorneys you can hire to write up a nanny contract, but you can also write one of your own. The level of detail you use is up to you, but the more specifics you add, the better. We generally recommend including the following items: Your nanny’s start date. The expected weekly work schedule.For general budgeting purposes, families should expect their taxes to be roughly 10% of their caregiver’s gross wages. The breakdown is as follows: Social Security taxes – 6.2% of the caregiver’s gross wages. Medicare taxes – 1.45% of the caregiver’s gross wages. Unemployment insurance taxes – varies by state, but 2.35% is a good ...Care.com provides information and tools to help care seekers and care providers connect and make informed decisions. However, each individual is solely responsible for selecting an appropriate care provider or care seeker for themselves or their families and for complying with all applicable laws in connection with any employment relationship ... Do you need a simple and reliable way to calculate your nanny's paycheck? With care.care.com's nanny paycheck calculator, you can enter your nanny's hours, pay rate, and tax deductions, and get an instant estimate of the net pay and taxes. You can also compare different pay scenarios and see how they affect your budget. Whether you pay …How Care com HomePay Helps. 4.9 Stars on Google reviews - Our award-winning client services and sales teams are the reason our customers keep coming back! Combining our 32 years of experience and specialized focus on payroll solutions exclusively for home care in all those years, our expertise is unmatched in the industry.Care.com provides information and tools to help care seekers and care providers connect and make informed decisions. However, each individual is solely responsible for selecting an appropriate care provider or care seeker for themselves or their families and for complying with all applicable laws in connection with any employment relationship ... We guarantee yourhappiness and our service. Happiness guarantee: If HomePay doesn't meet your expectations for an all-in-one nanny tax and payroll service during your first six months of use, we'll refund your payments for our services.**. Service guarantee: We guarantee that your tax returns are filed accurately and on time.***. Additionally, we recommend following these practices when using …As women age, their hair can become more fragile and prone to damage. For women over the age of 70, it’s important to take extra care when it comes to hair care. Here are some tips...Jan 26, 2024 · Taxes withheld from the employee: Social Security & Medicare taxes (FICA), as well as federal and state income taxes. Taxes paid by the employer: Social Security & Medicare taxes, as well as federal and state unemployment insurance. For the 2024 tax year, nanny taxes come into play when a family pays any household employee $2,700 or more in a ... Nevada overtime requirements. Live-out employees must be paid 1.5x their hourly rate for all hours worked over 40 in a workweek. Live-in employees are required to be paid overtime, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by both employer and employee. Overtime is not required to be paid when work is performed on a holiday.Having a Dunhelm armchair in your home is a great way to add style and comfort to your living space. But like any piece of furniture, it needs regular care and maintenance to keep ...Jul 12, 2022 ... Check out Care.com's 15 second TV commercial, 'Reggie' from the Baby Care industry ... Care.com HomePay · Pampers Swaddlers · Pampers Cru...Care.com HomePay is the leading service for managing household payroll and taxes. …Advice for practicing social distancing in your daily activities and with your kids. How caregivers can feel safe working in your home. Continue to visit this page for further updates and call our HomePay experts at (888) 273-3356 if we can help you manage your caregiver’s payroll and your household employment taxes. Get started with HomePay!Welcome Back to HomePay. HomePay clients, their authorized representatives and their employees can sign in here. Thank you for submitting your registration and joining our services. We are currently working to establish your new account. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us at (888) 273-3356.Sample Senior Care Contract. A detailed senior care contract is important for every family to have. Use our sample 2023 contract and customize it to fit your exact needs. When you hire a senior caregiver, there are many details to go over, things to discuss with your family and ultimately agree on the best strategy for how care should be ...Care.com HomePay is a service provided by Breedlove & Associates, LLC, a Care.com company. ... The nanny tax professionals of HomePay provide easy and affordable payroll services for families with household employees. Contact Breedlove to speak to a tax expert today. W-2s and year-end tax documents are available on the Tax Forms tab. ...The symbol for “in care of” is “c/o.” It is used when mailing a letter or package to someone at the address of another person. It is also sometimes used to send the mail to someone...Feb 21, 2024. We can only give employment verification for employees of …Sample Senior Care Contract. A detailed senior care contract is important for every family to have. Use our sample 2023 contract and customize it to fit your exact needs. When you hire a senior caregiver, there are many details to go over, things to discuss with your family and ultimately agree on the best strategy for how care should be ...SIT stands for State Income Tax, which is a tax withheld from your employee each pay period. PFL stands for Paid Family Leave, which only exists in a limited number of states, and depending on the state, is either an employee or employer tax. If you still have questions, please contact our office at 888-273-3356 during normal business hours.HomePay℠ List your business ... Care.com provides information and tools to help care seekers and care providers connect and make informed decisions. However, each individual is solely responsible for selecting an appropriate care provider or care seeker for themselves or their families and for complying with all applicable laws in connection with …Jan 5, 2024 · Household employers in Illinois are required to carry a workers’ compensation insurance policy if any number of household employees work a total of 40 or more hours per week for 13 or more weeks during the year. These policies pay for medical expenses and lost wages if an employee has a work-related injury or illness. From paydays to tax time and all points in between, Care.com HomePay makes being a household employer easy. Heres some of what we can do for your clients: Manage payroll calculations, prepare paystubs and process Direct Deposit payroll each payday. Prepare and file state and federal employment tax returns. Prepare and distribute Form W-2.Apr 26, 2023 · HomePay also monitors your staff’s PTO accruals, including reimbursements. Similar to your online HomePay account, your employees can access all payroll information, like pay stubs and other payroll data, via a self-service portal. HomePay’s partnership with Care.com allows you to access online recruiting tools. Dec 12, 2022 · Unemployment insurance benefits. When paid legally, you are entitled to receive approximately 50% of your salary for up to six months if you lose your job due to no fault of your own. This benefit is free to you as your employer pays taxes toward the cost of the program. Social Security & Medicare credits. Feb 23, 2023 ... Both are up from $280 in 2022. These non-taxable benefits can be included as part of a household employee's pay, according to Care.com HomePay.Nov 30, 2022 · New York – Written notice is required informing your employee of their termination date, as well as their date of cancellation of employee benefits. North Carolina – No notice required. North Dakota – Written notice is only required if it’s in your employment contract. Ohio – No notice required. Oklahoma – No notice required. But you may also choose to hire a service, like Care HomePay, who is familiar with the entire process and can take care of all the work for you. “The IRS estimates the average family can expect to spend 55 hours per year handling federal and state household employer obligations correctly,” says Breedlove.Happiness guarantee: If HomePay doesn't meet your expectations for an all-in-one nanny tax and payroll service during your first six months of use, we'll refund your payments for our services.** ... Care.com® Homepay℠ is a service provided by Breedlove & Associates, LLC, a Care.com company ...The Care.com HomePay 2021 Branding Survey Sweepstakes (the “Sweepstakes”) is only open to legal residents of the fifty (50) United States and the District of Columbia who are eighteen (18) years of age or older at the time of entry. Employees of Care.com, Inc. and members of their immediate families (parents, children, siblings, and their ...Advice for practicing social distancing in your daily activities and with your kids. How caregivers can feel safe working in your home. Continue to visit this page for further updates and call our HomePay experts at (888) 273-3356 if we can help you manage your caregiver’s payroll and your household employment taxes. Get started with HomePay!Ratings for Lincoln, NE home care listed on Care.com. Average Rating 5.0 / 5. Home Care in Lincoln, NE are rated 5.0 out of 5 stars based on 9 reviews of the 13 listed home care. Find home care providers and services in Lincoln, NE near you on Care.com. Average rate: $19.38/hr. Find in home care options for seniors and elders nearby. Tom has been a member of the HomePay team for the last 15 years. He has worn many hats during his time with us, but currently works with thousands of staffing professionals, care managers, accountants, trustees, financial advisors and attorneys that have clients needing household employment support. Co-author of The Household Employer’s ...Aug 17, 2020 ... Courtland Jones and her 4 month old daughter Everhett working together in this nice new spot for Care.com's HomePay service.Care.com is the world's largest online destination for care. We connect families with caregivers and caring companies to help you be there for the ones you love. Care.com does not employ any care provider or care seeker nor is it responsible for the conduct of any care provider or care seeker. ... Care.com® HomePay℠ is a service …Oct 12, 2023 · Desiree Leung Updated on: October 12, 2023 By using HomePay for your household employment needs, you’re offloading the tax, payroll and compliance responsibilities for your nanny or caregiver to us.
Wage notice. Household employers in Pennsylvania are required to provide their employees with a written wage notice at the time of hire. The notice must include the employer’s address and the employee’s hourly rate of pay. Families in Pittsburgh should provide their employee with this notice instead.. Trimble business center download
Welcome Back to HomePay. HomePay clients, their authorized representatives and their employees can sign in here. Thank you for submitting your registration and joining our services. We are currently working to establish your new account. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us at (888) 273-3356. Nevada overtime requirements. Live-out employees must be paid 1.5x their hourly rate for all hours worked over 40 in a workweek. Live-in employees are required to be paid overtime, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by both employer and employee. Overtime is not required to be paid when work is performed on a holiday.Workers’ compensation. Household employers in Minnesota are required to carry a workers’ compensation insurance policy if their employee earns $1,000 or more during a calendar quarter. These policies pay for medical expenses and lost wages if an employee has a work-related injury or illness. Obtain an instant quote and purchase a …Jan 16, 2024 · Workers’ compensation. Household employers in Minnesota are required to carry a workers’ compensation insurance policy if their employee earns $1,000 or more during a calendar quarter. These policies pay for medical expenses and lost wages if an employee has a work-related injury or illness. Obtain an instant quote and purchase a policy ... Attendance Allowance rates in 2023/24. Lower rate: £68.10. Higher rate: £101.75. If you need frequent help or constant supervision during the day, or supervision at night, you will get the lower rate. If you need help or supervision during both the day and night, or if you are terminally ill (a medical professional has said you might have 12 ...Care.com® HomePay℠ is a service provided by Breedlove and Associates, LLC, a …Desiree Leung Published on: January 5, 2024. Federal law outlines the majority of household employment tax, labor law and payroll requirements. However, there are some unique laws in nearly every state. We’re on top of everything for the 2024 tax year, so click your state below for answers to any questions you may have. Alabama. …Mar 12, 2023 · Key Specs. Cost: $50/month (and $50 annual fee) Feature: One flat rate for up to two employees. Additional Feature: "Payroll impounding". Why We Chose It. With Savvy Nanny, you’re charged one flat rate for up to two employees, with a $45 annual fee, plus an extra $6 per person charge after that. CA, CO, HI, MA, MO, MT and NV – At the time of the termination. CT and DC – The following business day. ID – Your caregiver can make a written request to be paid within 48 hours of a termination. AZ – Next scheduled payday or within seven working days. MN – Next scheduled payday or within 24 hours of a request for final pay.Care.com HomePay helps you pay your nanny legally, save time and money, and get tax and payroll support. Whether you are a caregiver or a household employer, you can set up a customized payroll process, access tax experts, and enjoy the happiness guarantee and service guarantee. Care.com HomePay Accounting Austin , TX Care.com Business Advantage ... Care.com is the world's leading platform for finding and managing high-quality family care. | Care.com is a consumer tech ...Therefore, you should add the bonus to your caregiver’s normal gross wages and withhold taxes accordingly. It’s a good idea to give your employee a heads up that their income will be taxed at a higher rate than usual for the pay period that includes the bonus. This is because the IRS tax tables assume their new gross wage amount is a raise ...We’ve never had any issues and it’s super easy to access and operate. I get paid through homepay as well, and my MB used it for the last nanny for a couple years and is happy with it. I got paid through home pay and never had any issues at all. It's just like any other payroll system. There are different options when signing up, so it's ...Ratings for Lincoln, NE home care listed on Care.com. Average Rating 5.0 / 5. Home Care in Lincoln, NE are rated 5.0 out of 5 stars based on 9 reviews of the 13 listed home care. Find home care providers and services in Lincoln, NE near you on Care.com. Average rate: $19.38/hr. Find in home care options for seniors and elders nearby..
Popular Topics
Why can't we be friends | Dec 1, 2022 · Care.com provides information and tools to help care seekers and care providers connect and make informed decisions. However, each individual is solely responsible for selecting an appropriate care provider or care seeker for themselves or their families and for complying with all applicable laws in connection with any employment relationship ... 2015 Tax Changes. If you have a nanny or other household employee, here are new nanny tax rules you should know. When you pay a household employee (like a nanny, babysitter, senior caregiver, housekeeper, etc.) $1900 or more per year, you may have to pay taxes. Here are some of the new tax laws in 2015 that may apply.Authorized Representatives. To gain access to your tax and payroll documentation, please enter the verification information below. The nanny tax professionals of HomePay provide easy and affordable payroll services for families with household employees. Contact Breedlove to speak to a tax expert today. ...
Sweet reincarnation | Sep 27, 2023 · HomePay was created when the decades-old payroll service designed for household employees, Breedlove & Associates, sold their business to Care.com. Breedlove & Associates was founded in 1992 so they’ve had decades to perfect this process. The goal of HomePay is to help you handle the payroll obligations of your household employees. The threshold for having to pay “nanny taxes” increases to $2,600. In 2022, if you hired a nanny, senior caregiver or other household employee and paid them at least $2,400, you were responsible for withholding taxes from them and paying taxes of your own. The IRS is increasing this threshold by $200 in 2023 to $2,600....
Price corporation | Jan 26, 2024 · Taxes withheld from the employee: Social Security & Medicare taxes (FICA), as well as federal and state income taxes. Taxes paid by the employer: Social Security & Medicare taxes, as well as federal and state unemployment insurance. For the 2024 tax year, nanny taxes come into play when a family pays any household employee $2,700 or more in a ... per month. Select and Continue. Prepare, file & remit your household taxes. Standard payroll management with direct deposit options. Employee onboarding. FAQ. See how it works. Call us for a free consultation (888) 273-3356. ...
Food service rewards | Feb 23, 2023 ... Both are up from $280 in 2022. These non-taxable benefits can be included as part of a household employee's pay, according to Care.com HomePay.Managing contributions to a SIMPLE IRA for your household employee. A Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees, or SIMPLE IRA, must be set up by you as the employer, but both you and your employee contribute to it. Usually, there is a dollar-for-dollar match up to 3% of your nanny or caregiver’s wages with a cap of $15,500 per year …...
Mbam download | May 20, 2021 · Desiree Leung and Rebecca Seaton are both Directors at HomePay/Breedlove & Associates and have been with the company since 2007. We hope you’ve found the answer to the question you have about the Tax Application Packet, but if not, please reach out to us at (888) 273-3356 or email us at [email protected] and we’ll be happy to help. Price range: $75 per month billed quarterly Key features: Payroll, tax, and …...
Ioc share market price | There are employment attorneys you can hire to write up a nanny contract, but you can also write one of your own. The level of detail you use is up to you, but the more specifics you add, the better. We generally recommend including the following items: Your nanny’s start date. The expected weekly work schedule.Jan 5, 2024 · Step 1. This is one of two required sections of the W-4. You simply fill out your personal information and indicate whether you’re: Single or married, but filing a separate income tax return than your spouse. Married filing jointly (both you and your spouse are included on the same tax return). Head of household (you’re unmarried and pay ... Care.com does not employ any care provider or care seeker nor is it responsible for the conduct of any care provider or care seeker. Care.com provides information and tools to help care seekers and care providers connect and make informed decisions. ... Care.com® HomePay℠ is a service provided by Breedlove and …...